ETF Deep Dive

VYM ETF Review: Vanguard High Dividend Yield Analysis

Vanguard's flagship dividend ETF offers broad exposure to 500+ high-yield U.S. stocks at rock-bottom costs. Here is our complete breakdown.

14 min read-Updated February 2026

$55B+

Assets Under Management

2.85%

Current Yield

0.06%

Expense Ratio

550+

Total Holdings

What Is VYM?

The Vanguard High Dividend Yield ETF (VYM) tracks the FTSE High Dividend Yield Index, which selects U.S. stocks forecasted to have above-average dividend yields. With over 550 holdings, VYM provides one of the broadest dividend-focused exposures available in a single ETF.

Launched in November 2006, VYM has nearly two decades of track record and has weathered the 2008 financial crisis, the COVID crash, and multiple market corrections. Its Vanguard pedigree means investors benefit from industry-leading cost efficiency and a shareholder-first philosophy.

VYM at a Glance

Fund NameVanguard High Dividend Yield ETF
TickerVYM
Inception DateNovember 10, 2006
Expense Ratio0.06%
Dividend Yield2.85%
Dividend FrequencyQuarterly
Index TrackedFTSE High Dividend Yield
Number of Holdings553

How VYM Selects Stocks

VYM uses a straightforward yield-based methodology. The FTSE High Dividend Yield Index ranks all eligible U.S. stocks by their forecasted 12-month dividend yield and includes the top half by yield (excluding REITs). This simple approach results in a massive, diversified portfolio.

1

Screen Universe

Start with all U.S. common stocks, excluding REITs, that pay dividends

2

Rank by Yield

Rank all stocks by their forecasted 12-month forward dividend yield

3

Select Top Half

Include the top 50% of stocks by yield, weighted by market capitalization

The market-cap weighting means the largest companies (like JPMorgan, Broadcom, and ExxonMobil) have the most influence on fund performance. This naturally tilts VYM toward established, financially stable blue-chip companies.

Top 10 Holdings

CompanyTickerWeightSector
BroadcomAVGO4.21%Technology
JPMorgan ChaseJPM3.85%Financials
ExxonMobilXOM3.12%Energy
Procter & GamblePG2.54%Consumer Staples
Johnson & JohnsonJNJ2.38%Healthcare
Home DepotHD2.21%Consumer Disc.
AbbVieABBV2.15%Healthcare
WalmartWMT1.98%Consumer Staples
ChevronCVX1.87%Energy
Merck & Co.MRK1.82%Healthcare

Top 10 holdings represent approximately 26.1% of total fund assets. Holdings as of Q1 2026.

Performance Track Record

PeriodVYM ReturnS&P 500 ReturnDifference
1-Year9.8%12.4%-2.6%
3-Year7.2%10.1%-2.9%
5-Year10.4%13.8%-3.4%
10-Year10.2%12.5%-2.3%
Since Inception (2006)9.1%10.7%-1.6%

Returns are annualized total returns including reinvested dividends. Past performance does not guarantee future results.

VYM has historically trailed the S&P 500 by 1-3% annually, which is expected since it excludes many high-growth tech stocks that do not pay dividends. However, VYM has provided meaningful income and lower drawdowns during market corrections, making it attractive for income-focused investors.

Sector Allocation

Financials21.4%
Healthcare13.2%
Consumer Staples12.8%
Energy11.5%
Industrials10.7%
Technology10.3%
Utilities7.2%
Consumer Discretionary5.8%
Telecom4.1%
Materials3.0%

Financials dominate VYM at over 21%, reflecting the sector's historically strong dividend payouts. The fund also has meaningful utilities and materials exposure that you will not find in SCHD, providing even broader diversification across dividend-paying sectors.

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Dividend Growth History

YearAnnual DividendYoY Growth
2020$2.9061-2.5%
2021$3.09616.5%
2022$3.25185.0%
2023$3.43785.7%
2024$3.58424.3%
2025$3.79165.8%

Key Insight: VYM's dividend growth rate of approximately 5-6% annually is more modest than SCHD's 12%, but it starts from a broader, more diversified base. For investors who prioritize diversification over maximum dividend growth, VYM's steady trajectory is appealing.

Pros and Cons

Strengths

  • Massive diversification with 550+ holdings reduces single-stock risk
  • Industry-leading 0.06% expense ratio from Vanguard
  • Nearly 20-year track record through multiple market cycles
  • High liquidity with tight bid-ask spreads
  • Simple, transparent yield-based methodology

Limitations

  • -Lower dividend growth (~5-6%) compared to quality-screened alternatives
  • -No quality screening may include some lower-quality dividend payers
  • -Heavy financial sector concentration (21%+)
  • -Lags S&P 500 total returns by 2-3% annually in growth markets
  • -U.S. only -- no international dividend stock exposure

Who Should Buy VYM?

Set-and-Forget Dividend Investors

With 550+ holdings and automatic rebalancing, VYM requires zero maintenance. Buy it once, reinvest dividends, and let it compound for decades.

Investors Who Want Maximum Diversification

If you are uncomfortable with a concentrated 100-stock portfolio like SCHD, VYM's 550+ holdings across all major sectors provides peace of mind.

Vanguard Loyalists

If you already hold your investments at Vanguard, VYM integrates seamlessly with your existing portfolio and benefits from Vanguard's unique mutual ownership structure.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is VYM a good investment for retirees?

Yes, VYM is well-suited for retirees who want reliable quarterly income with broad diversification. Its 2.85% yield provides meaningful income, and its 550+ holdings reduce the risk of any single dividend cut significantly impacting your income stream.

How does VYM compare to SCHD?

VYM offers broader diversification (550+ vs. 100 holdings) but lower dividend growth (~5-6% vs. ~12% for SCHD). SCHD uses quality screens while VYM selects purely on yield. Both charge 0.06%. Choose SCHD for growth, VYM for diversification.

Does VYM include REITs?

No, VYM excludes REITs from its index. The FTSE High Dividend Yield Index specifically removes REITs, which means VYM dividends are predominantly qualified dividends taxed at the lower capital gains rate.

What is the minimum investment for VYM?

You can buy a single share of VYM (approximately $120-130 in early 2026) through any brokerage. Most major brokerages including Vanguard, Fidelity, and Schwab also offer fractional shares starting from $1.

Can I hold VYM in a Roth IRA?

Absolutely. Holding VYM in a Roth IRA is an excellent strategy because all dividend income and capital gains grow tax-free. Since VYM produces regular dividend income, the tax-free compounding benefit is significant over time.

Model Your VYM Dividend Income

See how VYM's dividends could compound over time with our free calculators. Model DRIP reinvestment, income projections, and retirement scenarios.

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